Tough Questions: God’s Sovereignty vs. Man’s Free Will?

The most frequently asked question Pastor Dan received from the Parma Heights Baptist Church congregation was “I understand that it’s God’s grace that saves us, but what role, if any, does free will play in our salvation?”
Pastor Dan preached on this August 16 and said this was a divisive issue that has caused new denominations to start. This is a tough question but he said he’d give it his best shot. He pointed out what Scripture says about both God’s sovereignty and man’s free will and drew some conclusions as follows:
God’s Sovereignty
The term “sovereign Lord” is used 289 times in the Bible and so we must conclude that God is sovereign (no, he didn’t read all the verses to us but unfolded the printout of them which went half way up the aisle). “Sovereign” means He does what he pleases with the powers of heaven and the people of the earth. He did read the following verses:
God is sovereign over the heavens:
But our God is in the heavens: he hath done whatsoever he hath pleased. (Psalm 115:3)
And at the end of the days I Nebuchadnezzar lifted up mine eyes unto heaven, and mine understanding returned unto me, and I blessed the most high, and I praised and honored him that liveth for ever, whose dominion is an everlasting dominion, and his kingdom is from generation to generation: and all the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing: and he doeth according to his will in the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth; and none can stay his hand, or say unto him, What doest thou? (Daniel 4:34, 35)
God is sovereign over the nations
For the kingdom is the LORD’s: and he is the governor among the nations. (Psalm 22:28)
And he changeth the times and the seasons; he removeth kings, and setteth up kings; he giveth wisdom unto the wise, and knowledge to them that know understanding. (Daniel 2:21) [this one I added]
Which in his times he shall shew, who is the blessed and only Potentate, the King of kings and Lord of lords. (I Timothy 6:15)
God is sovereign over the lives of individuals
Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! Let the potsherd strive with the potsherds of the earth. Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it, What makest thou? Or thy work, He hath no hands? (Isaiah 45:9)
But now, O Lord, thou art our father, we are the clay, and thou our potter; and we all are the work of thy hand. (Isaiah 64:8)
O house of Israel, cannot I do with you as this potter? Saith the Lord, Behold, as the clay is in the potter’s hand, so are ye in mine hand, O house of Israel. (Jeremiah 18:6)
Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonour? (Romans 9:21)
God’s sovereignty raises two questions:
Does man have free will?
Why then is there pain and suffering. (This is next week’s question)
Man’s Free Will
“Whosoever” means open to everyone. Notice this word is used in each of the following scriptures:
Mark 8:34: . . . whosoever will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me. (Jesus is speaking)
Acts 2:21: And it shall come to pass that whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.
Romans 10:13: Whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.
I John 5:1: Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God; and every one that loveth him that begat loveth him also that is begotten of him.
The bible clearly teaches man has a free will to come to Christ for salvation.
The Bible clearly teaches mankind is commanded by God to exercise his free will to make moral choices.
Most people gravitate toward one concept (sovereignty or free will) to the exclusion of the other, but the Bible teaches both.
Pastor Dan quoted from A. W. Tozar’s The Sovereignty of God throughout his sermon. One of the quotes was this:
God sovereignly decreed that man should be free to exercise moral choice, and man from the beginning has fulfilled that decree by making his choice between good and evil. When he chooses to do evil, he does not thereby countervail the sovereign will of God but fulfills it, inasmuch as the eternal decree decided not which choice the man should make but that he should be free to make it. Man’s will is free because God is sovereign. A God less sovereign could not bestow moral freedom upon His creatures. He would be afraid to do so.
Final conclusion:
Our choice may be our own, but the consequences of those choices have already been determined by the sovereign will of God.
To illustrate how God’s sovereign will and man’s free will can co-exist, he used an ocean liner bound to a predetermined destination representing God’s sovereignty. The passengers on board have freedom of choice to eat, sleep, move around, participate in different activities but they were still moving toward the final destination.
Man has the freedom to make moral choices and is free to choose to submit to God and be redeemed or choose not to submit to God and face eternal damnation in hell.
[All verses are from the King James Version]
Further reading on this topic:
The Sovereignty of God by A.W. Tozer
www.Biblelife.org/election